Historically, nuclear facilities have focused on securing their nuclear material against malevolent attacks by putting in place physical protection measures such as guns, guards and gates. These measures are still used to successfully build fortresses around nuclear facilities, preventing theft of nuclear or other radioactive material, sabotage or unauthorized access to control systems.
However, in recent decades, the threat of cyberattacks has escalated in our increasingly digital world. Any country, even those with the most advanced nuclear power and research programmes, can be vulnerable to attack. The development of national frameworks for computer security and response against cyberthreats to nuclear facilities have become necessary.
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Source: International Atomic Energy Agency