GoldMelody’s Hidden Chords: Initial Access Broker In-Memory IIS Modules Revealed


Unit 42 researchers uncovered a campaign by an initial access broker (IAB) to exploit leaked Machine Keys — cryptographic keys used on ASP.NET sites — to gain access to targeted organizations.

IABs breach organizations and then sell that access to other threat actors. This report analyzes the tools used in these attacks. Palo Alto track this actor as the temporary group TGR-CRI-0045. The group seems to follow an opportunistic approach but has attacked organizations in Europe and the U.S. in the following industries: financial services, manufacturing, wholesale and retail, high technology, and transportation and logistics. The IAB used these leaked keys to sign malicious payloads that provide unauthorized access to targeted servers, in a technique called ASP.NET View State deserialization.

Read more…
Source: Palo Alto Unit 42


Sign up for the Cyber Security Review Newsletter
The latest cyber secnews and insights delivered right to your inbox.


Related:

  • Uncovering a Multi-Stage Phishing Kit Targeting Italy’s Infrastructure

    November 13, 2025

    Phishing remains one of the most persistent and adaptive threats in cybersecurity. It is common and widespread for cybercriminals to impersonate reputable IT companies in phishing campaigns, exploiting the trust these brands have built and thus targeting both affected companies and their customers. What began as simple social engineering has matured into a complex criminal economy ...

  • Europol: End of the game for cybercrime infrastructure: 1025 servers taken down

    November 13, 2025

    Between 10 and 13 November 2025, the latest phase of Operation Endgame was coordinated from Europol’s headquarters in The Hague. The actions targeted one of the biggest infostealers Rhadamanthys, the Remote Access Trojan VenomRAT, and the botnet Elysium, all of which played a key role in international cybercrime. Authorities took down these three large cybercrime enablers. ...

  • Increase in Lumma Stealer Activity Coincides with Use of Adaptive Browser Fingerprinting Tactics

    November 13, 2025

    In the wake of a targeted doxxing campaign last month that exposed the alleged core members of Lumma Stealer (which Trend Micro tracks as Water Kurita), the underground infostealer landscape experienced a significant upheaval. As detailed in Trend Research’s previous report, this exposure led to a marked decline in Lumma Stealer’s activity, with many of its ...

  • #StopRansomware: Akira Ransomware

    November 13, 2025

    The United States’ Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) and partner organisations are releasing this joint advisory to disseminate known Akira ransomware IOCs and TTPs identified through FBI investigations and trusted third-party reporting as recently as November 2025. Akira ransomware threat actors are associated with other groups known as Storm-1567, Howling Scorpius, Punk Spider, and Gold Sahara, ...

  • 1 million victims, 17,500 fake sites: Google takes on toll-fee scammers

    November 13, 2025

    A Phishing-as-a-Service (PhaaS) platform based in China, known as “Lighthouse,” is the subject of a new Google lawsuit. Lighthouse enables smishing (SMS phishing) campaigns, and if you’re in the US there is a good chance you’ve seen their texts about a small amount you supposedly owe in toll fees. Here’s an example of a toll-fee scam ...

  • CISA: Implementation Guidance for Emergency Directive on Cisco ASA and Firepower Device Vulnerabilities

    November 12, 2025

    CISA has released Emergency Cisco Directive 25-03 Implementation Guidance to assist federal agencies in addressing critical vulnerabilities in Cisco Adaptive Security Appliances (ASA) and Firepower devices. Emergency Directive 25-03: Identify and Mitigate Potential Compromise of Cisco Devices, issued on Sept. 25, identified known vulnerabilities CVE-2025-20333 and CVE-2025-20362, and mandated immediate action to mitigate risks. Threat actors continue to target ...