In May of 2021, Microsoft released a patch to correct CVE-2021-31181 – a remote code execution bug in the supported versions of Microsoft SharePoint Server. This bug was reported to the ZDI program by an anonymous researcher and is also known as ZDI-21-573. This blog takes a deeper look at the root cause of this vulnerability.
Before this patch being made available, this vulnerability could be used by an authenticated user to execute arbitrary code on the server in the context of the service account of the SharePoint web application. For a successful attack, the attacker must have SPBasePermissions.ManageLists permissions on any SharePoint site. By default, any authenticated user can create their own site where they have the necessary permission.
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Source: Bleeping Computer