Analyzing CVE-2025-31191: A macOS security-scoped bookmarks-based sandbox escape

In April 2024, Microsoft uncovered a vulnerability in macOS that could allow specially crafted codes to escape the App Sandbox and run unrestricted on the system. An attacker could create an exploit to escape the App Sandbox without user interaction Read More …

Cascading Shadows: An Attack Chain Approach to Avoid Detection and Complicate Analysis

In December 2024, Palo Alto Unit 42 researchers uncovered an attack chain that employs distinct, multi-layered stages to deliver malware like Agent Tesla variants, Remcos RAT or XLoader. Attackers increasingly rely on such complex delivery mechanisms to evade detection, bypass Read More …

Out of the Sandbox: WikiLoader Digs Sophisticated Evasion

Proofpoint researchers identified a new malware we call WikiLoader. It was first identified in December 2022 being delivered by TA544, an actor that typically uses Ursnif malware to target Italian organizations. Proofpoint observed multiple subsequent campaigns, the majority of which Read More …